This guide will explain what a Git remote branch is, how it differs from local and remote tracking branches, and how to effectively manage these branches in your Git workflow.
What is a Git remote branch?
A Git remote branch refers to a branch in a remote repository. For instance, when you clone a repository, you are essentially copying all of its files and branches from a remote server to your local environment. The branches that exist on the server are considered "remote branches."
A common convention in Git is to name the primary remote repository "origin". This is the default name given to the server from which the repository was initially cloned. Remote branches are usually referenced by specifying the remote name followed by a slash and then the branch name, for example, origin/main.
Local branches vs. remote branches
Local branches are branches that exist in your local repository. You can switch between these branches, make changes, commit them, and manage them without requiring an internet connection or interacting with a remote repository until you choose to push or fetch changes.
In contrast, remote branches reflect the state of branches on your remote repository at the last time you communicated with it (fetched, pushed, or pulled changes). You cannot directly check out a remote branch; instead, you interact with them through remote tracking branches.
Remote tracking branches
Remote tracking branches are local references to the state of remote branches. They act as bookmarks to remember where the remote branches were the last time you interacted with the remote repository. For instance, origin/main is a remote tracking branch that tracks the main branch on the origin remote.
Remote tracking branches automatically move forward when you do network operations like git fetch, git pull, or git push. They are crucial for Git to determine how your local and remote repositories differ. You don't make direct changes to these branches; instead, you work in a local branch that tracks a remote branch, make your changes there, and then push those changes back to the remote.
Checking if a remote branch exists
To see if a specific remote branch exists, you can use the git branch -r command, which lists all remote branches known to your local repository. This will show you all branches that Git is aware of for each remote:
git branch -r
You can also use git ls-remote to query the remote repository directly, showing all references it has, including branches:
git ls-remote origin
This command will show all branches and tags on the remote named origin, letting you verify the existence of a branch directly on the remote.
How to manage remote branches
Fetching remote branches
To update your remote tracking branches (i.e., to get the latest state of the remote branches), you can run:
git fetch origin
This command fetches all updates from the origin remote but does not merge any changes into your local branches.
Creating a new local branch from a remote branch
To start working on a remote branch locally, you create a new local branch that tracks the remote branch:
git checkout -b new-branch origin/remote-branch
This command creates a new branch called new-branch that tracks the remote-branch from origin.
Pushing local changes to a remote branch
After committing your changes locally, you can share them by pushing them to the remote branch:
git push origin local-branch:remote-branch
This command pushes changes from your local local-branch to the remote-branch on origin.
For further reading see the official Git documentation on branching.